Notes for the List of Secession Commissioners

Phillip Burt


1.  There is no formal definition of the term “secession commissioner.” For purposes of this list, it means those individuals who were appointed as commissioners by their home state for the sole purpose of advocating secession in another state. This can present certain problems. Individuals such as James H. Adams, Robert W. Barnwell, John Alfred Calhoun, Thomas Butler King, Christopher G. Memminger, Judge John Robertson, A. R. Russell, Peter B. Starke, and Alexander H. Stephens are sometimes identified as secession commissioners. Some of these men were prominent legislators or government officials in their home states. Some were assigned diplomatic tasks by their home states, but not in the sense described in this note. In some cases, the names of these men have simply been confused with actual secession commissioners. John Alfred Calhoun is sometimes mistaken for James Martin Calhoun or Andrew Pickens Calhoun. A. R. Russell was identified as a secession commissioner in The Secession Movement by Dwight Lowell Dumond, but the actual person was Daniel R. Russell. Or the mission was different. Two examples: In January 1861, Thomas Butler King was appointed by Governor Brown as Georgia’s commissioner to the courts of Europe. Also in January 1861, Judge John Robertson was appointed as a commissioner from Virginia to several seceded states, but his task was to urge them to respect federal property pending peace negotiations.

2.  Walker Brooke was appointed along with Fulton Anderson but did not serve as a secession commissioner. On January 23, 1861, he was elected to serve as part of the Mississippi delegation to the Provisional Congress of the Confederate States, which convened on February 4, 1861 in Montgomery, Alabama.

3.  Milledge Luke Bonham was elected as the South Carolina commissioner to Mississippi but was excused and replaced by Armistead Burt.

4.  Henry Rootes Jackson was initially put forth as a commissioner but declined. He went on to serve as a Major General in the Confederate States Army.

5.  John W. A. Sanford was named as Commissioner from Georgia to Texas and submitted a report describing his visit there. He was also introduced as Georgia’s commissioner to Alabama during that state’s convention held in January 1861.





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Date added to website:  July 24, 2026